Chart of the week | Chart of the Mediterranean Sea (unfinished), anonymous Italy, 1650-1699
Author | Autor anonymous
Date | Data 1650-1699
Country | País Italy
Archive | Archivo Archivio Storico Diocesano Savona Noli, Savona
Call number | Número Catálogo Sala 2 cassettiera B cassetto 9
Dimensions | Dimensões 59 X 30 cm
Thirty years ago the Archivio Storico Diocesano di Savona e Noli acquired a manuscript codex of the second half of the XVII century with documents related to the Monastery of S. Benedetto Belbo. The binding, probably coeval, was formed by a rectangular sheet of vellum on which appeared the configurations of an unfinished portolan chart. The binding was therefore separated from the codex, carefully restored, and it constitutes now a precious cartographic document. After its restoration the chart measures 59 x 30 cm and seems nearly complete, probably been trimmed about 3 or 4 cm to the North and East side and maybe about 8 or 10 cm to the West side.
The area represented includes the whole Mediterranean, the South-West part of the Black Sea and a tiny stretch of the Atlantic coast beyond Gibraltar. Probably in the original chart this area was extended to the Algarve and Morocco. All the islands are missing except Euboea. All the toponyms are omitted as well. The wind system is based on a central wind-rose and sixteen peripheral wind-roses, but only the eight main winds originating from each rose are traced, as usual, in black ink. The eight half-winds in green and the sixteen quarter-winds in red are missing. Additionally, one can see circles or series of concentric circles, connecting the majority of the wind-roses intended to be the frames for more or less elaborate decorative compass-roses.
Often researchers try to understand how the chart was made inferring on the features it holds. Hence, in this case, the chart-maker must have drawn first the four cardinal winds, locating the centre of the chart and then draw a large circumference around them, probably with a lead pencil. Next, he divided the chart in sixteen parts to decide on the position of the sixteen peripheral roses. Then he must have traced the other four main winds originating from the central wind-rose and the main winds originating from the sixteen peripheral wind-roses. Subsequently, he must have accurately erased the circumference. Again, one can conjecture, the chart-maker must have drawn the coastal contour, maybe using the help of the irregular grid generated by the wind lines. Finally, he placed the circles to use as a frame for the decorative compass-roses. At this point the chart-maker should have completed the chart adding the islands, writing the toponyms and tracing, in green and red, the lines of half-winds and quarter-winds, even if not necessarily in that order. The last phase should have been the insertion of all the ornamental details, particularly rich in late portolan charts as this one.
Even if it remains difficult to understand where and when the chart was made, because the two most important clues, toponymy an decorations, are missing, from the size and number of the compass-roses we can say that it is a late production, surely of XVII century, maybe made in Messina or, better, copied from a chart made in Messina.
Of course the normal caution does not allow to use this single chart to identify a method universally followed by all Medieval and Renaissance chart makers, but at least it provides some hints on the procedure adopted by its anonymous author.
Português
Há trinta anos, o Archivio Storico Diocesano di Savona e Noli adquiriu um códice manuscrito da segunda metade do século XVII com documentos relativos ao Mosteiro de S. Benedetto Belbo. A encadernação, provavelmente coeva, era formada por uma folha retangular de pergaminho sobre a qual apareciam as configurações de uma carta portulana inacabada. A encadernação foi separada do códice, cuidadosamente restaurada, e constitui agora um precioso documento cartográfico. Após restauração, a carta parece quase completa, apesar de ter sido provavelmente aparada cerca de 3 ou 4 cm para o lado norte e leste e talvez tenha sido alargada ao Algarve e Marrocos. Com excepção de Euboea, não há mais nenhuma ilha descrita. Também não tem topónimos. Utiliza a rosa-dos-ventos, central, e dezesseis rosas-dos-ventos periféricas, onde apenas os oito ventos principais originários de cada rosa são traçados, como de costume, em tinta preta. Os oito meios-ventos, normalmente marcados a verde, e os dezesseis meio-ventos, a vermelho, estão também ausentes. Além disso, podem ver-se círculos ou séries de círculos concêntricos, que ligam as rosas-dos-ventos destinadas a servir de moldura para as rosas-dos-ventos decorativas, mais ou menos elaboradas.
A cautela normal não permite utilizar este único mapa para identificar um método universalmente seguido por todos os autores de cartas medievais e renascentistas, mas fornece algumas pistas sobre o método deste autor. Further reading | Leitura complementar
Corradino Astengo, “Un prezioso cimelio cartografico conservato a Savona”, Sabazia, IV, N. 4, Savona 1990, pp. 41-44.
Corradino Astengo, “The Renaissance Chart Tradition in the Mediterranean”, in D. Woodward (ed.) The History of Cartography, Vol. 3, Cartography in the European Renaissance, pp. 186-187, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2007.
Author | Autor Corradino Astengo
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